2 Samuel 6:19

Authorized King James Version

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And he dealt among all the people, even among the whole multitude of Israel, as well to the women as men, to every one a cake of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine. So all the people departed every one to his house.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְחַלֵּ֨ק And he dealt H2505
וַיְחַלֵּ֨ק And he dealt
Strong's: H2505
Word #: 1 of 22
to be smooth (figuratively)
לְכָל H3605
לְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 2 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֖ם among all the people H5971
הָעָ֖ם among all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 3 of 22
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
לְכָל H3605
לְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הֲמ֣וֹן even among the whole multitude H1995
הֲמ֣וֹן even among the whole multitude
Strong's: H1995
Word #: 5 of 22
a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth
יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 6 of 22
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אִ֥ישׁ as men H376
אִ֥ישׁ as men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 7 of 22
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
וְעַד H5704
וְעַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 8 of 22
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
אִשָּׁה֒ as well to the women H802
אִשָּׁה֒ as well to the women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 9 of 22
a woman
אִ֥ישׁ as men H376
אִ֥ישׁ as men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 10 of 22
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
חַלַּ֥ת cake H2471
חַלַּ֥ת cake
Strong's: H2471
Word #: 11 of 22
a cake (as usually punctured)
לֶ֙חֶם֙ of bread H3899
לֶ֙חֶם֙ of bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 12 of 22
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
אֶחָ֑ת a H259
אֶחָ֑ת a
Strong's: H259
Word #: 13 of 22
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
וְאֶשְׁפָּ֣ר and a good piece H829
וְאֶשְׁפָּ֣ר and a good piece
Strong's: H829
Word #: 14 of 22
a measured portion
אֶחָ֑ת a H259
אֶחָ֑ת a
Strong's: H259
Word #: 15 of 22
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
וַֽאֲשִׁישָׁ֖ה of flesh and a flagon H809
וַֽאֲשִׁישָׁ֖ה of flesh and a flagon
Strong's: H809
Word #: 16 of 22
something closely pressed together, i.e., a cake of raisins or other comfits
אֶחָ֑ת a H259
אֶחָ֑ת a
Strong's: H259
Word #: 17 of 22
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ H1980
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 18 of 22
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 19 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֖ם among all the people H5971
הָעָ֖ם among all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 20 of 22
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אִ֥ישׁ as men H376
אִ֥ישׁ as men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 21 of 22
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ to his house H1004
לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ to his house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 22 of 22
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

And he dealt among all the people, even among the whole multitude of Israel, as well to the women as men, to every one a cake of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine. So all the people departed every one to his house.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Ark Brought to Jerusalem, emphasizing reverence in worship, God's holiness. The ark's journey to Jerusalem emphasizes God's transcendent holiness and the necessity of approaching Him on His terms. Uzzah's death for touching the ark (though apparently well-intentioned) teaches that sincerity doesn't override obedience. David's dancing demonstrates appropriate joy in worship. Michal's contempt reveals heart attitudes toward genuine worship. The Hebrew qodesh (קֹדֶשׁ, 'holiness') dominates this chapter.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 6 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding reverence in worship, God's holiness provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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